English wasn't born.
It piled up.

A 1500-year journey through the layers of language — Germanic, Norse, French, Latin, and half the world besides — that settled one on top of another until they formed the tongue that 1.5 billion people speak today.

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How to read this map

No language replaces the one before it. It gets added on top.

Every invasion, conquest, or trade exchange left behind a layer of vocabulary that never fully disappeared. This is a cross-section of those five layers, in the order they were laid down.

Anglo-SaxonNorseNormanClassicalGlobal
The Origins of the English Language
Tool

Dig up a word

Pick an everyday English word and find out which layer it's buried in.

Haz clic en un nodo para ver los detalles
DS
In summary

The English you speak today isn't one language.
It's at least five, stacked one on top of another.

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million speakers today
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major linguistic layers
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years of accumulation
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source languages for its loanwords
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